Glossary
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| Artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
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| Atherosclerosis | Deposition of lipids and plaque formation in arteries, leading to hardening and decrease in size of arterial lumen |
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| Autonomic nerve | A nerve with involuntary neural function, such as vasodilation |
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| B | |
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| Body (of the penis) | The main segment of the penis. It contains the erectile tissues that fill up with blood during sexual excitement |
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| Blue vision | Distortion of color perception that results in increased blue color |
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| C | |
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| cGMP | Abbreviation for cyclic guanosine monophosphate. A compound that promotes vascular smooth muscle relaxation |
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Corpus cavernosum (Corpus caverNOsum) |
Spongy erectile tissue of the penis |
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Corpus spongiosum (Corpus sponjiOsum) |
Midventral mass of erectile tissue that encloses the penile portion of the urethra |
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| Creatinine (creAtineen) | A compound that is present in the blood, urine, and skeletal muscle |
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cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) (siklik GWAnosin mahnoFAHsfate) |
A substance whose formation is catalyzed by nitric oxide during sexual stimulation; cGMP causes smooth muscle relaxation that allows blood to flow into the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum) of the penis |
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| D | |
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| Diabetes mellitus | Disease caused by insulin deficiency or diminished tissue response to insulin |
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| E | |
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| Erection | A penile condition characterized by enlargement and filling of erectile tissue with blood |
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| Erectile bodies | Erectile tissue of the penis to become erect by filling with blood |
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| Erectile dysfunction | The inability to attain or maintain an erection satisfactory to complete intercourse |
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| F | |
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| Flaccid (FLAsid) | Referring to the non-erect, flabby state of the penis when a man is not sexually aroused |
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| G | |
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| Glans penis | The distal end of the penis where the corpus spongiosum enlarges to form an acorn-shaped region |
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| H | |
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Hyperlipidemia (hyperlipiDEEMia) |
Abnormally high levels of lipids in the blood |
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| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
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| L | |
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| Libido | Sexual drive |
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| M | |
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| Multiple sclerosis | A debilitating disease affecting nerve cells |
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| N | |
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| Neurogenic | Originating in the nervous system |
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| Neurotransmitter | A chemical messenger used by nerve cells to transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another |
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Nitric Oxide (Nitrik oxide) |
A substance that mediates vascular smooth muscle relaxation |
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| P | |
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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) (fahsfodaiESterase) |
Enzyme that breaks down cGMP during an erection, ultimately returning the penis to a flaccid state |
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| Prostate gland | An accessory reproductive gland, located under the urinary bladder and responsible for the secretion of a milky fluid that is important for the production and viability of sperm |
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| Priapism (PRYapism) | Persistent abnormal and painful erection of the penis |
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Peyronie's disease (pay raNEEZ disease) |
A condition of unknown etiology in which there is a structural deformity of the erectile tissue of the penis |
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| Psychogenic | Psychological |
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| S | |
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| Sensory | Relating to afferent nerves that transmit signals to the central nervous system so that an organism has perception of self and the environment |
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| Smooth muscle | A type of involuntary muscle |
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| T | |
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| Testis | The male sexual organ that is responsible for the production of reproductive cells (sperm) and testosterone, the principal male sex hormone. (Plural = testes) |
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| Testosterone | The primary male sex hormone. It is produced by the testes, and its main function is mediating the development, growth, and maturation of the male sex organs |
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| V | |
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Vasodilator (VāzoDYlater) |
An agent that causes dilation of blood vessels |
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| Vein | A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart |
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| Venous plexus | A vascular network formed by numerous connections between veins |
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